Main Article Content
Abstract
Long-term use of antibiotics in broiler chicken farming causes the emergence of resistant bacteria and increases the potential for multidrug-resistant bacteria. This study aims to investigate the presence and characteristics of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) in broiler farms located in Ciampea, Bogor. A total of 90 samples were taken from three broiler chicken farms located in Ciampea, Bogor. Sampling was carried out by swabbing the cloaca of 1% of the population on each farm. Gram staining and IMVIC biochemical tests were performed on colonies suspected of being E. coli. Confirmation of ESBL-producing E. coli using a double disc diffusion test with MHA. The results showed that ESBL-producing E. coli was present in 28,9% of broiler chicken cloaca swab samples (26/90). Antibiotic resistance tests of ESBL-producing E. coli isolates showed resistance to four antibiotics, namely chloramphenicol, amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, and ampicillin. In this test, 22 isolates showed multidrug-resistant
Keywords
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Submission of a manuscript implies that the work described has not been published before or is under consideration for publication elsewhere (except in the form of an abstract). When the manuscript is accepted for publication, the authors agree to automatic transfer of the copyright to the publisher.
References
- Ayinla AO, and ALP Mateus. 2023. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in poultry in Africa: a systematic review. Frontiers in Antibiotics. 2: 1140750.
- Bavadharani M, ST Rai, AK Arora, and S Singh. 2023. Antimicrobial sensitivity pattern and detection of antimicrobial resistance genes of E. coli isolated from respiratory tract infections in poultry. The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences., 93(3): 251–255.
- Castanheira M , PJ Simner, and PA Bradford. 2021. Extended-spectrum β-lactamases: an update on their characteristics, epidemiology and detection. JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance. 3(3)
- Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). 2021. CLSI M100-ED31:2021 Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, 31st Edition.
- Hermana NSP, Z Nilasari, E Yuniarti, A Riyanto, Safika, A Indrawati, FH Pasaribu. Antibiotic resistance profile of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp. and Klebsiella spp. isolated form chicken farm in Bogor, Sukabumi, and Cianjur. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. West Java. 1430: 1-6
- Kpoda DS, A Ajayi, M Somda, O Traore, N Guessennd. 2018. Distribution of resistance genes encoding ESBLs in Enterobacteriaceae isolated from biological samples in health centers in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. BMC Research Notes. 11:471.
- Lopatkin AJ, HR Meredith, JK Srimani, P Pfeiffer, R Durrett, and L You . 2022. Persistence and reversal of plasmid-mediated antibiotic resistance. Nature Communications. 8(1):1689.
- Mu’arofah B, RY Arizandy,B Utomo, and Kuntaman K. 2020. Detection Of Extended Spectrum Β-Lactamase (ESBL) Gene Patterns Of Enterobacteriaceae In Broiler Chicken Meat Sold In Traditional Markets In The East Surabaya. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan. 9 (1); 12-19. doi: 10.30994/sjik.v9i1.264
- Mueller M, and CR Tainter. 2022. Escherichia coli infection. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. PMID: 33231968.
- Müller A, R Stephan, Magdalena, and Nüesch-Inderbinen . 2015. Distribution of virulence factors in ESBL-producing Escherichia coli isolated from the environment, livestock, food and humans. Science of The Total Environment. 541:667-672.
- Naelasari DN, EB Koendhori, L Dewanti, R Sarassari, and K Kuntaman. 2018. The prevalence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing gut bacterial flora among patients in Dr. Soetomo hospital and primary health centre in Surabaya. Folia Medica Indonesiana. 54(4): 256-262.
- Rawat D, and D Nair. 2010. Extended-spectrum β-lactamases in gram negative bacteria. Journal of Global Infectious Diseases. . 2(3):263-74.
- Rousham EK, L Unicomb, and MA Islam. 2018. Human, animal and environmental contributors to antibiotic resistance in low-resource settings: integrating behavioural, epidemiological and one health approaches. Proceedings: Biological Sciences. . 285(1876): 20180332.
- Rumokoy, L, and WL Toar. 2022. Application of Thoracic Immunogen of Musca domestica on Immunoglobulin-G Level of Goats Detected Through a Single Radial Immuno-Diffusion Test. Animal Production. 24(1):1–5.
- Schaufler K, Bethe A, Lübke-Becker A, Ewers C, Kohn B, Wieler L. H, Geunther S. 2015. Putative connection between zoonotic multi resistant extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli in dog feces from a veterinary campus and clinical isolates from dogs. Infection Ecology & Epidemiology. 5(4):25334-25339.
- Umadevi S, Kandhakumari G, Joseph NM, Kumar S, Easow JM, Stephen S .2011. Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of ESBL-producing gram-negative bacilli. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 5:236-239.
- van Hoek AHAM, C Dierikx, T Bosch, L Schouls , E van Duijkeren, and M Visser. 2020. Transmission of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli between broilers and humans on broiler farms. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 75: 543–549.
- Ventola CL. 2015. The antibiotic resistance crisis: part 1-causes and threats. Pharmacy Therapeutics. 40(4):277-83. PMCID: PMC4378521
- [WHO] World Health Organization. 2018. Antimicrobial resistance. In: facts sheet
- [WHO] World Health Organization. 2021. WHO integrated global surveillance on ESBL-producing E. coli using a “One health” approach.
- Wibisono FJ, B Sumiarto, T Untari, MH Effendi, DA Permatasari, and AM Witaningrum. 2020. CTX Gene of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) Producing Escherichia coli on Broilers in Blitar, Indonesia. Scientific Research Publishing. . 11(7): 396-403.
- Widhi APKN, and INY Saputra. 2021. Broiler Chicken Meat Sold at Purwokerto's Market Has Antibiotic Residues and Escherichia coli That Produces ESBL. J. Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia. 20(2):137-142