ANIMAL PRODUCTION

Allele Diversity of Diiti Cattle Using Microsatellite Loci

Thu, 31 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Diiti cattle or Gorontalo local cattle were cattle that have the same exterior characteristics like Bali and PO cattle. To provide information regarding the unknown state of Diiti cattle, allele diversity was evaluated using ILSTS017, HEL13 and BM1818 microsatellite loci. A total of 117 Diti cattle from Gorontalo, Bonebolango and North Gorontalo were used in this study. Allele diversity analysis was generated using Cervus 3.0.7 version. All microsatellite loci were found to be highly polymorphic in the population. A total of 26 alleles were observed, which ranged from 6 in HEL13 and to 11 in ILSTS017. The mean of total alleles was found 6.667. The expected heterozygosity and observed heterozygosity values were 0.686, 0.610, 0.818 and 0.512, 0.351, 0.721 in ILSTS017, HEL13 and BM1818, respectively. Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) values were 0.540 for HEL13, 0.645 for ILSTS017 and 0.791 for BM1818. The result of this study would be used as basic information for development of unknown state of Diiti cattle as Gorontalo valuable genetic resources.

Rabbit’s Gastrointestinal Helminthiasis: Identification And Correlation with Age, Sex and Hygiene

Diana Indrasanti, Mohandas Indradji, Endro Yuwono, Annistia Rahmadian Ulfah — Thu, 31 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The growing demand for high-protein low-fat meat has encouraged the development of potential rabbit farming. One of the obstacles in the rabbit farming is a disease. The studies of gastrointestinal helminthiasis in rabbits are limited, especially in Indonesia. The study aimed to identify and determine the prevalence of helmith infestation, and investigate the correlation between age, sex, and hygiene with the occurrence of gastrointestinal helminthiasis in small-scale rabbit farms. The survey was conducted on 476 rabbits in Banyumas District using a purposive sampling to collect fecal samples and questionnaire data. Both male and female rabbits were devided into four age groups: wean 1 (birth-1 month), wean 2 (>1-6 months), young (>6-18 months), and adult (>19 months). The feces were examined using the floating and the Whitlock methods and gastrointestinal helminthiasis were identified by observing the morphology of eggs and gastrointestinal helmiths. Data were subject to descriptive analysis and logistic regression using JASP software 0.16.3 version. The results demonstrated that 50 rabbits (10.50%) were infested with nematode and cestode worms. Nematode eggs found in rabbit feces in this study were strongyle (33.33%), Trichostrongylus (27.78%), Cittotaenia (14.81%), Passalurus (12.96%), Trichuris (7.41%), Hymenolepis (1.85%), Toxocara (1.85%) and Strongyloides (1.85%). The most prevalent egg worm in rabbits was Strongyle (33.33%) and lowest were Hymenolepis, Toxocara and Strongyloides (1.85% each). This study revealed that age and sex had no effect on the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthiasis in rabbits (p>0.05). The frequency and technique of cage cleaning had a highly significant (p<0.01) effect on the occurence of gastrointestinal helminthiasis in rabbits, however there was no significant link with the separation of feces and urine in the cage (p>0.05).It can be inferred that the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthiasis in rabbits is relatively low, and the management system including the hygiene of the cage are the most important factors in preventing its emergence.

Utilization of Water Hyacinth Leaves for Protein Protection in Goat Diets: Impacts on Production Performance and Meat Quality

Erwin Hubert Barton Sondakh, Jerry Kalele, Rahmawaty Hadju — Thu, 31 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of using water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) leaves as a natural feed protein protector on production performance and meat quality in goats. A total of 16 male goats (±15 kg body weight) were used in a completely randomized design with four dietary treatments: R1 (15% tofu dregs + 15% concentrate + 70% forage), R2 (15% tofu dregs + 1% water hyacinth leaves + 14% concentrate + 70% forage), R3 (15% tofu dregs + 2% water hyacinth leaves + 13% concentrate + 70% forage), and R4 (15% tofu dregs + 3% water hyacinth leaves + 12% concentrate + 70% forage). The goats were reared for 10 weeks to measure feed intake and average daily gain (ADG), followed by slaughter to evaluate carcass characteristics and meat chemical composition. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and treatment differences were assessed using Duncan's multiple range test. Results showed that inclusion of water hyacinth leaves significantly increased feed intake, ADG, hot and cold carcass weight, carcass percentage, and meat protein content (P<0.05). Supplementing goat diets with 1–3% (dry matter basis) water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) leaves as a natural protein protection strategy significantly improves feed intake, average daily gain, carcass traits, and meat protein content. These findings demonstrate the potential of water hyacinth leaves as a functional feed additive to enhance the productivity and meat quality of goats.

Unveiling the Determinants of Farmer Motivation in Goat Production: Evidence from Goat Farmers in Jombang District, East Java, Indonesia

Eko Nugroho, Priyo Sugeng Winarto, Syaiful Ibnu Khafid — Thu, 31 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Goat farming is an essential livelihood strategy for rural communities, providing substantial economic and social advantages. However, there remains a vague understanding of the underlying motivations driving smallholder goat farmers' engagement, particularly in contexts with diverse socio-demographics and resource limitations. This study aimed to determine the most influential factors in goat-farming decisions by conducting a cross-sectional survey of 50 smallholder goat farmers. Data collection encompassed socio-demographic variables, as well as access to capital, infrastructure, market conditions, and policy support. Results revealed that capital and infrastructure significantly outweighed age, education, and farming experience in shaping farmers’ level of involvement. Local markets received favorable ratings, but inconsistent government support highlighted significant policy gaps. Larger households benefited from greater labor availability, yet did not consistently adopt best practices. These findings highlight the primacy of resource-based and socio-familial factors in shaping smallholder motivation and illustrate the need for targeted interventions. Enhanced collaboration among government agencies, cooperatives, and community groups may promote more resilient and profitable goat-farming systems.

Evaluation of Enzyme Activity and Nutrient Content of Fermented Coconut Meal as a Feed Using Indigenous Microorganisms

Hera Dwi Triani, Gusri Yanti, Wulansih Dwi Astuti, Sri Suharti, Yetti Marlida — Thu, 31 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Coconut pulp has potential as animal feed but is limited in poultry diets due to its high fiber content and low protein levels. Fermentation using indigenous microorganisms offers a practical approach to improving its nutritional value. This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional quality of coconut meal using indigenous microorganisms (IMOs). The initial phase of the study involved producing IMOs, followed by measuring pH, total colony, and cellulase and mannanase enzyme activities. IMOs were applied to ferment coconut meal using a completely randomized design with four treatments (0, 7, 14, and 21 days) and four replications. Observed parameters included cellulase and mannanase enzyme activities, pH, crude fiber, crude protein, crude fat, and nitrogen-free extract. The characteristics of IMOs were analyzed descriptively, while enzyme activities and the nutritional content of coconut meal were analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The results showed that IMOs had a pH of 3.3, were dominated by lactic acid bacteria with a total colony of 5.4 × 10¹² CFU/mL, had cellulase activity of 2.1 U/mL, and had mannanase activity of 7.73 U/mL. Cellulase activity at 7, 14, and 21 days was significantly higher (P<0.01), while mannanase activity was highest at 21 days (P<0.01), with the lowest pH observed at 14 and 21 days. The lowest crude fiber and crude fat content, as well as the highest crude protein content (P<0.01), were observed at 14 days of fermentation. Fourteen days of fermentation were identified as the optimal duration for enhancing the nutritional quality of coconut pulp.

Social Marketing Strategy of Frozen Semen Produced by Singosari Artificial Insemination Center

Thu, 31 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The research conducted at the Singosari Artificial Insemination Center aims to analyze internal and external environmental factors affecting frozen semen marketing and formulate effective marketing strategies. Using a quantitative explanatory approach, data were collected through observations, interviews, and documentation. Internal factors were evaluated using the Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) matrix, external factors were assessed through the External Factor Evaluation (EFE) matrix, and the Internal-External (IE) matrix was utilized to determine the company's position, providing a more comprehensive overview of the analysis. Results show that strengths (score: 1.77) and opportunities (score: 1.69) outweigh weaknesses (score: 1.52) and threats (score: 1.4). BBIB Singosari's key strengths include ISO- and SNI-certified frozen semen, genetic diversity, and competitive pricing. Meanwhile, threats such as reproductive diseases and market competition must be addressed. The marketing strategy, based on the SWOT matrix, emphasizes consistent product quality improvement, utilization of market intelligence, and fostering consumer relationships. A significant component of this strategy is social marketing, which raises awareness about artificial insemination and the benefits of high-quality frozen semen. Social marketing involves targeted education through social media, direct farmer outreach, and community campaigns, ensuring higher adoption rates of artificial insemination technology. These strategies strengthen BBIB Singosari's market position while contributing to sustainable livestock population growth in Indonesia. The investigation emphasizes the necessity of innovative marketing approaches to overcome internal and external challenges and enhance BBIB's role as a leader in livestock development.

Energy Utilization and Performance of Madura Cattle Fed with Two Kinds of Rice Straw Processing and Concentrate Supplemented Teak Leaf Flour (Tectona grandiss)

Yut Afiffah Kasihandari, Sri Rahayu, Efka Aris Rimbawanto, Caribu Hadi Prayitno — Thu, 31 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This study aims to investigate the effect of the interaction between the type of rice straw processing and the concentration of teak leaf flour supplementation on energy intake and performance of Madura cattle. A total of 18 Madura cattle with an average weight of 246.5 ± 10.29 kg were placed in individual pens and randomly assigned to either ammoniated or non-ammoniated rice straw processing and concentrate with different supplementations of teak leaf flour (TLF): 0% (T1), 0.21% (T2), and 0.42% (T3) of dry matter. This study used a completely randomized design with a 2 x 3 factorial and Tukey's range test or orthogonal polynomials. The observed variables were dry matter intake (DMI), energy intake (EI), digested energy (DE), retained energy (RE), RE:EI efficiency, RE:DE efficiency, average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion (FC), and slaughter weight. The results showed no interaction between the type of rice straw and the concentration of TLF on all variables (p > 0.05). The type of rice straw processing did not significantly affect all variables (p > 0.05). TLF supplementation had a quadratic effect on EI, DMI, and slaughter weight. Madura cattle fattening fed with either ammoniated or non-ammoniated rice straw combined with concentrate supplemented with TLF resulted in an increase in feed intake and final body weight.

Characterization of Productive and Reproductive Performance of Broiler Grand Parent Stock Strains (Ross, Cobb, and Hubbard) During Growing and Laying Phases

Thu, 21 Aug 2025 21:27:39 +0700

Grandparent Stock (GPS) serves as the genetic cornerstone of broiler production, influencing performance at both Parent Stock and commercial levels. This study evaluated and compared the productive and reproductive traits of three major GPS broiler strains—Ross, Cobb, and Hubbard—under commercial tropical conditions in Indonesia. Data from 104,415 birds (83,102 females; 21,313 males) were collected from two national poultry companies between 2019 and 2022. Parameters included mortality, feed intake, body weight, uniformity, egg production, egg weight, and hatchability. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's test were applied. Cobb showed the lowest mortality during the grower phase (0.30%) and the highest body weight uniformity (80.71%). Ross had the lowest mortality in the laying phase (0.479%) and the highest egg production (49.13%). Hubbard achieved the highest final body weight (4,727 g) and egg weight (64.85 g) but recorded the highest mortality during laying (0.870%). No significant differences were found in cumulative feed intake (132,750–134,786 g/bird) or hatchability (>94.7%) across strains. These results suggest Cobb is best for uniformity and survivability, Ross for egg productivity, and Hubbard for maximizing output, although requiring more intensive management. Strain selection should align with production priorities and local farm conditions, considering factors such as climate adaptability, resource availability, and long-term sustainability. The findings provide valuable insights for optimizing broiler breeding programs in tropical regions, enhancing genetic potential, and improving overall production efficiency.